Macroecological patterns of fruit infestation rates by the invasive fly <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> in the wild reservoir host plant <i>Sambucus nigra</i>

The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is a fruit fly native to Asia that infests wide variety of fruits. Wild plant species are major reservoirs for D. populations but their infestation rates vary greatly among geographical areas. We aimed at disentangling the relative roles macroclimatic, landscape and local factors in rate elderberry fruits (Sambucus nigra), wild host Europe. collected across 215 sites distributed 13 regions from North South France. counted number emerging adults tested effect landscape, biotic abiotic variables, as well traits using linear mixed models. Site latitude mean daily maximum temperature since beginning year had respectively strongest positive negative effects on regions. Infestation also increased with forest cover 100 m radius around sampling sites. This study shows importance taking into account multiple scales factors, characteristics (i.e. maturity) composition macroclimatic when studying interaction between its plants.